What is Global Warming?

Global warming refers to the long-term increase in Earth’s average surface temperature due to human activities, primarily the emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), and nitrous oxide (N₂O). These gases trap heat in the atmosphere, leading to a “greenhouse effect” that results in higher temperatures.

Causes of Global Warming

1. Burning of Fossil Fuels: The combustion of coal, oil, and natural gas for energy and transportation releases large amounts of CO₂ and other greenhouse gases.
2. Deforestation: Trees absorb CO₂, so when forests are cut down for agriculture or urban development, the stored CO₂ is released back into the atmosphere.
3. Industrial Processes: Manufacturing and chemical processes emit various greenhouse gases.
4. Agriculture: Farming activities produce methane, particularly from livestock and rice paddies, and nitrous oxide from fertilized soils.

Effects of Global Warming

1. Rising Temperatures: Increased global temperatures lead to heatwaves and changes in weather patterns.
2. Melting Ice Caps and Glaciers: Higher temperatures cause polar ice caps and glaciers to melt, contributing to sea-level rise.
3. Sea-Level Rise: Melting ice and thermal expansion of seawater due to warming lead to higher sea levels, threatening coastal communities.
4. Extreme Weather Events: Increased frequency and severity of storms, hurricanes, droughts, and floods.
5. Impact on Ecosystems: Altered habitats and migration patterns, endangering wildlife and biodiversity.
6. Human Health: Increased incidence of heat-related illnesses, vector-borne diseases, and respiratory problems due to pollution.

Mitigation and Adaptation

1. Reducing Emissions: Transitioning to renewable energy sources like wind, solar, and hydroelectric power.
2. Energy Efficiency: Improving energy efficiency in buildings, transportation, and industry.
3. Reforestation: Planting trees and restoring forests to absorb CO₂.
4. Carbon Capture and Storage: Technologies to capture and store CO₂ emissions from power plants and other sources.
5. Policy Measures: Implementing regulations and incentives to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, such as carbon pricing and emission trading schemes.
6. Adaptation Strategies: Developing infrastructure and practices to cope with the impacts of climate change, such as building sea walls and designing climate-resilient agriculture.

Global warming is a complex and urgent issue that requires coordinated efforts at local, national, and international levels to mitigate its impacts and adapt to its inevitable changes.

Sources

1. science.nasa.gov/climate-change/what-is-climate-change/
2. www.man.com/maninstitute/data-driven-approach-to-climate-change
3. healthbiopharm.com/blog/