In aviation, the term "PAN PAN" is a signal used to indicate an urgent situation that does not constitute an emergency. It is part of a set of international radiotelephony protocol codes used to communicate distress and urgency. Here are the key details about PAN PAN:
Definitions and Usage
Distress vs. Urgency:
- Distress is indicated by "MAYDAY" and is used when an aircraft is in immediate danger and requires urgent assistance.
- Urgency, indicated by "PAN PAN," suggests that there is a situation that requires attention but does not pose an immediate threat to life or the aircraft’s safety.
Origin:
- The term "PAN PAN" originates from the French word "panne," meaning "breakdown." It was adopted into the aviation lexicon to signify any urgent situation.
Voice Procedure:
- When declaring a PAN PAN message, the pilot will repeat “PAN PAN” three times at the beginning of the transmission to differentiate it from a distress call.
- Example of a PAN PAN transmission: "PAN PAN PAN PAN PAN. This is Flight ABC123. We have a hydraulic system issue but are still able to fly."
Examples of Situations:
- A pilot reporting a mechanical failure that requires priority handling but does not threaten the safety of the flight.
- Backup systems failing that require attention upon landing.
- A medical emergency on board that does not need an immediate diversion but requires assistance upon landing.
- Response from Air Traffic Control (ATC):
- Upon receiving a PAN PAN call, ATC will prioritize the flight for landing and provide necessary assistance, ensuring that other aircraft are informed of the situation to avoid congestion or complications.
Protocol
The use of PAN PAN is governed by international regulations set forth by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the International Telecommunications Union (ITU). The protocol emphasizes clear communication and priority handling, ensuring safety for both the aircraft in question and others in the vicinity.
Conclusion
"PAN PAN" serves a critical function in aviation communication, providing a structured way for pilots to notify relevant parties of urgent situations while differentiating them from life-threatening emergencies. This distinction aids in effective and efficient responses from ground control, improving overall safety in air travel.