BCR-ABL: Full Form and Explanation
Definition:
BCR-ABL refers to a specific fusion gene that is formed from the BCR (Breakpoint Cluster Region) gene and the ABL (Abelson Murine Leukemia Viral Oncogene Homolog) gene.
Key Points:
- Fusion Gene:
- The result of a chromosomal translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22.
Commonly associated with certain types of cancer, particularly Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML).
Role in Cancer:
- The BCR-ABL protein acts as a tyrosine kinase, which promotes uncontrolled cell division and growth.
This oncogenic activity is a significant factor in the development of CML and some other leukemias.
Diagnosis and Treatment:
- Detection:
- BCR-ABL can be identified through genetic testing, such as PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) or FISH (Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization).
- Targeted Therapy:
- The discovery of the BCR-ABL fusion gene led to the development of targeted therapies, such as Imatinib (Gleevec), which specifically inhibit the BCR-ABL protein, improving patient outcomes.
Conclusion:
Understanding the BCR-ABL fusion gene is crucial in the field of oncology, particularly for diagnosing and treating specific blood cancers like CML. Its discovery has significantly advanced targeted cancer therapies, leading to better management of the disease.