The term "watch jewels" refers to small gemstones used in the movement of mechanical watches, specifically in their escapements and bearings. These jewels serve several important functions within the timekeeping mechanism. Here’s a detailed explanation of what watch jewels are and their significance:
Definition and Types of Watch Jewels
Material: The most common type of jewel used in watches is synthetic ruby, though other materials like sapphire and diamond can also be used. Synthetic rubies are preferred because of their hardness, resistance to wear, and low friction characteristics.
- Location in Watch Movement:
- Escapement: Jewels are often found in the escapement mechanism, which is responsible for regulating the timekeeping. The escapement uses jeweled pivots to minimize friction and ensure accurate energy transfer.
- Bearings: Jewels are also placed in pivot points (bearings) where moving parts like gears and wheels interact. This significantly reduces the wear and tear on metal parts, extending the life of the watch.
Functions of Watch Jewels
Reduction of Friction: Since gems are much harder than metal, using jewels minimizes friction between moving parts. This is crucial in maintaining the accuracy and longevity of the watch.
Reduction of Wear: The hardness of the jewels prevents the pivotal points from wearing down quickly. This prolongs the life of the watch and maintains its precision.
- Lubrication: Jewels can be pre-lubricated, and their smooth surfaces help retain oil, which further reduces friction.
Jewel Count and Quality
Jewel Count: The term "jewels" in a watch often refers to the number of jewels it contains. Traditional mechanical watches typically have between 17 to 25 jewels. Higher jewel counts can indicate a more complex movement but are not always a direct indicator of quality.
- Quality: The quality of the jewels, the precision of their placement, and the overall craftsmanship of the movement also significantly affect the watch’s performance.
Historical Context
Historically, watchmaking began using natural gemstones, but synthetic options have since become the standard due to their consistency and availability. The use of jewels in watches dates back to the 18th century, significantly enhancing the reliability of timekeeping devices.
Conclusion
Watch jewels play a vital role in the functionality and durability of mechanical watches. By reducing friction and wear, they help ensure accurate timekeeping and enhance the overall performance of the watch. When assessing a watch, understanding the role and count of its jewels can provide insights into its engineering quality and potential longevity.