Full Form of CAD in Medical Terms
CAD stands for Coronary Artery Disease. It is a significant condition that affects the arteries supplying blood to the heart muscle. Here’s a detailed overview:
Key Points about Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
Definition: CAD refers to the narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries, usually caused by atherosclerosis (the buildup of cholesterol and fatty deposits on artery walls).
Causes:
- Atherosclerosis: Fatty plaque buildup in the arteries.
- High Blood Pressure: Can damage arteries over time.
- High Cholesterol: Increases plaque formation.
- Smoking: Damages blood vessels and reduces oxygen in the blood.
- Diabetes: Increases risk of atherosclerosis.
Sedentary Lifestyle: Lack of exercise contributes to obesity and other risk factors.
Symptoms:
- Chest Pain (Angina): A common symptom, often triggered by exertion.
- Shortness of Breath: May occur during physical activity.
Heart Attack: Severe cases can lead to a heart attack, characterized by intense chest pain, sweating, and nausea.
Risk Factors:
- Age: Risk increases with age.
- Family History: Genetics play a role in heart disease risk.
- Obesity: Excess weight contributes to other risk factors.
Unhealthy Diet: Diets high in saturated fats, trans fats, and cholesterol can increase risk.
Diagnosis:
- Electrocardiogram (ECG): Measures electrical activity of the heart.
- Echocardiogram: Uses sound waves to visualize heart function.
- Stress Tests: Assess how the heart performs during physical activity.
Coronary Angiography: Imaging test to visualize blood flow in the coronary arteries.
Treatment Options:
- Lifestyle Changes: Diet, exercise, and quitting smoking.
- Medications: Statins, antiplatelet agents, and beta-blockers.
- Surgical Procedures:
- Angioplasty: Opens blocked arteries using a balloon.
- Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG): Bypasses blocked arteries using grafts.
Conclusion
Understanding Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is essential for prevention and management. Early diagnosis and lifestyle modifications can significantly reduce the risk and improve heart health. Always consult healthcare professionals for personalized advice and treatment options.